Book Review

Honestly I don’t have enough knowledge to critic this book, I will try to add some suggestion based on my experience in learning and reading of morphology book since I’m learning of English and teaching my student in my place. In general whole of content of book wrote by Prof Nurachman Hanafi is simple to understand and easy to follow that guide us to understand more about morphology.

Before I critic chapter by chapter of the book I would like to critic and suggest in technical issue, first is the font of the book is too small and unclearly enough because of the printer or copies,  second is the thigh of the glue is not strong and tightly. The third example is in the manuscript in every heading of chapter is not used of capital letter rather than sub heading (example in chapter I heading write used without capital letter while sub heading write used of capital letter). The last of my suggestion as prof command to us to critic and suggest of this book is there is not I can find of putting non-affixal process of morphology as of reduplication, alternation, and supletion because non-affixal process is part of the morphological process in morphemes, so for the next edition I hope non-affixal is in the book of prof because in my thesis later I would like take a research morphology and syntaxes of my own language process.

  My critical and suggest for chapter one as I have been learn and analyze. First, in introduction is too short just one paragraph and unconsist of paragraph as in Indonesia ‘tidak ada garis barunya’. Second is very short of explanation of the example used in the book as in the page 5 about morphological interference. Third is each of sub heading is short of example.

Second chapter is about derivation clearly enough is easy to understand but there are some matter in there as I analyze is about morphological process need more explanation in category especially bound morpheme as core elements of derivational.  In problem case of verbs of Latin origin: receive, deceive, conceive, perceive. Should these be considered to be composed of a single morpheme or prefix plus bound morpheme in derivational morpheme process.

Third chapter is about Inflectional process as the same in chapter two Inflectional is the part of affixation process in making of the words of morphologycal process. The weaknesses of talking about inflectional process in this book as I critizise the particular of adjective inflectional of comparative and superlative. Both of the them are not stated clarly in this book evetought has just stated in the intensifiers in page 21.

Fourth chapter is about Affixation. In this chapter is really detail talk about process of affixation it is easy to follow and simple to understand but my critic and suggestion are go to the unclearly stated of the process of affixation for example derivational and inflectional eventough has been stated in early chapter of this book but in this chapter the writer should be state clearly about affixation let see in the inflectional there are 8 process of affiation is not stated in this chapter namemly; third person singular-s, past tense-ed, progressive-ing, past participle-en, plural-s, possesive-‘s, comparative-er, and superlative-est.  

Chapter five is about compound. In this chapter consists of solid, hyphernate, open compound, clippings, abreviations: blends and acronyms, and back formation. Whole content of this chapter are easy and simple to understand. It is claerly enough with details explanation plus simple examplification. If I critic and some addying in this chapter go trough to the characteristic of compound as in explanation of stress change and meaning change in pages of 43-44 in this book as in example of solid compound: air tight vs airtight, over draft vs overdraft, over night vs overnight. I can not find the clearly enough of explanation, so my suggestion it should be better the writer put more detail of explanation of this matter.

Chapter six of this book deals with phonological process of clitics. The phonological aspect of clitics has been discussed detail by the writer of this book but if I critic of this aspect of phonological process about clitics the is poor of explanation and axamplification in english the writer just focus on the other langauge. My suggestion it is important that the writer should be give more examplification in english senteces instead of altertion of the other langauge used.

Chapter seven discussed clearly about case markings. The writer focus on inflectional case, concordial case, and analitical case with detail examplification of many langauges used. If I suggest that in this this chapter the writer should add the example of Indonesia langauge or other vernacular langauge of Indonesian particularly the vernacular langauge around us like sasak, Bima, or Sunda langauge. Becouse in this chapter the writer put only turkey and Japan langauge in examplification about the case marking process.

In the chapter eight deals with phonological process of ‘Negations’, difine as negative sense in a clause. So in this chapter the writer focus on the clasification of parting of negation in general such as negative pronouns, negative adverbs, negative articles, negative affixes, indeclinable words, and negative doublings. In this chapter is complitely understand well by us but it should be better if the writer make clasification of positive and negated of english example as in :

-       Play with the baby (positive)

-       Do not play with the baby (negated)

In negative doublings the writer only used of Ute language there is no English example in there because there are many English example about negative doublings whereas some negative doubling may resolve to a positive; others resolve to intensify the negative clause within a sentence. For example: I didn't go nowhere today, I'm not hungry no more, You don't know nothing, There was never no more laziness at work than before. While some negative doubling become positives such as I didn't not go to the park today, We can't not go to sleep!, and I have no doubt this sentence is false.

Chapter nine is talking about voice systems and relevant to the bran of it. They are consists of active voice, passive, antipassive, middle, reflexive, causative, and reciprocal. Each of them really clear in giving exemplification, but if I critic in this chapter the writer need more explanation about voicing process not just in giving the example but also in more detail process.

        In the last chapter of this book the writer discussion about ‘aspects’. As mention in the chapter ten of this book ‘aspects’ is one of the grammatical category which talked about the internal temporal structure of a situation.  The first weaknesses of this chapter is in introduction, before the writer discusses the branch of ‘aspects’ it should be better keep detail explanation each of them in general to make the reader understand well about of ‘aspects’ situation. Second is quite difficult to distinguish each of them as there is not I cannot find the general conclusion.

jumlah populasi dunia

Populasi 28 negara Afrika juga diprediksi meningkat lebih dari dua kali lipat. Lebih lanjut diterangkan populasi dunia saat ini berkisar 7,3 miliar dan jumlah ini diperkirakan mencapai 9,7 miliar pada 2050 dan 11,2 miliar pada 2100.
Laporan PBB itu menunjukkan India kemungkinan akan mengungguli jumlah penduduk China pada enam tahun lebih awal dari yang diperkirakan sebelumnya. Indonesia juga diperkirakan akan merupakan negeri yang paling pesat pertumbuhan penduduknya.
Setengah dari pertumbuhan penduduk dunia antara 2015 dan 2050 diperkirakan terpusat di sembilan negara yakni India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Kongo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Amerika Serikat, Indonesia, dan Uganda. (hmr)

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CRITICAL ARTICLE REVIEW

General Information about Journal:

Tittle                           : Issues of TEYL in Indonesian and What Parent Can do About It?

Author                        : Nugrahenny T. Zacharias

Amount of page         : 88 Pages

Publication                 : Asian EFL Journal of English Language Teaching.

  Vol. 6/Number 2 • October 2010

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A.    Introduction

This journal write by the author namely Nugrahenny T. Zacharias with the title Issues of TEYL in Indonesian and What Parent Can do about it? And was published in Asian journal with volume 6/November 2 October 2010. This journal completely describe about the issue of TEYL in Indonesia since the TEYL apply to young learner. The pages covered 88 pages include of introduction, subtopic such as four issues of the quality of English inputs, issues of multilingual competence, issues of teaching quality, and, most importantly, issues of national identities also the role of parent in helping the young learner in accordance.

In general the writer of this article tries to describe the other part of how to the teacher and parent of young learner aware of building their capability in their language acquisition. The author in detail figure the parent should do for their children in learning of foreign language.

B.     Background

This article prompts the author by her condition as a mother of her son born in Pennynsilvania US when she was completed PhD. Her son name is Ben born in there as the sample she takes for her completed article about issue of TEYL in Indonesia and what can parent do? Is all about. So Ben born there with his monolingual country but he simultaneously trilingual with English, mandarin, and Indonesian.  When they move to Indonesia her son of Ben naturally changed he was exposed to Indonesian and Javanese on a daily basis.

Being a novice in the TEYL and a mom of a 22-month old, Ben is a driving force for her to write her article. Based on the author experience about Ben acquiring the language attempt the author to accommodate her initial, yet growing, understanding and curiosity of the TEYL in Indonesian contexts.

In Indonesia preschools with English-only or bilingual approaches have increasingly established and gained popularity among parents and children. To parents who favor TEYL, teaching English since early age is believed to be more effective as children’s brains are believed to absorb language easily. The mastery of English is also perceived to be a valuable investment for the child’s future. However, some people view TEYL in Indonesia with a more critical eye. This is especially because TEYL starts as early as two years old when the young learners’ mother tongue, Indonesian, has not been acquired fully. As a result, many are worried if the acquisition of English would sacrifice the acquisition and quality of Indonesian, the nation lingua franca.

C.    Critical Analysis

The paper focus on central purposed of Issues of TEYL in Indonesian and What Parent Can do about it, the method were used by the author in this article to accomplish the purpose of the journal is based on the phenomena teaching English to young learner in Indonesia. The abstract states that the issue TEYL in Indonesia is through reflective parental approach, this paper encourages parents to be an active agent in monitoring and exploring their own children’s multilingual language development Parents need to be aware that exposing children to language, either through home or educational institutions.

1.      Straightness

a.       The parental approach to support young learner need that parent can play more active role in complexity of TEYL in Indonesia.

b.      The author used four issues to support her finding data correlate with the title. Four titles she put are issues of the quality of English inputs, issues of multilingual competence, issues of teaching quality, and, most importantly, issues of national identities.

2.      Weaknesses 

a.       The paper needs more discussion of existing literature, and needs make theoretical basis clearer.

b.      The author take just one of sample children based on her son to support her qualifies data gathering.

c.       In teaching quality the author tell the lacking of necessary teaching skill and knowledge to teach to TEYL but there is not I can find the solution she offer for the young teacher in completely.

D.    Comment

To me, the logic of the paper is difficult to follow. It will be very helpful if the author would like to make a precise research question that will guide the storyline of the paper and the reader to understand the paper. The introduction should describe why this topic is interesting and relevant.

The issue of TEYL in Indonesia and what parents do should be justified, and it needs more elaboration in the theoretical section. The information about what kinds of parent do about the issue of TEYL should be always taken into account when presenting findings and discussion. It will be nice to have a new figure of the contextualized teaching English to young learner with the main findings presented in the finding section. Another figure of the extended TEYL as recommended by the author will be helpful to understand the contributions of the paper in the discussion or conclusion section. Also be aware that TEYL has been broad to the parents.

Presentation of the findings should be improved. The description is too general and it needs a more specific examples. Referring to the mains concepts of TEYL and what parent can do, the findings should describe what is the problems of teaching English to young learner, what objective manner as the parent to follow, etc. Once the author has setup a research question in outset, the discussion part may focus to answer the research question, and the framework should guide the discussion.

In considering that the author has taken the cases based on the author’s experience son since her son born in America when the author take the PhD for the field work, I believe that there must be a lot of information obtained. The problem here is about presenting it in a more logical way to make the paper easier to follow and to be understood.

Overall, the paper needs to be reorganized. Within an area of concern a particular research interest is a ‘research question’ which will be research using a research approach in association with a relevant framework? The research is performed with a specific data collection, which may be influenced by framework and the empirical data are analyzed with data analysis in which framework may be used.

E.     Conclusion

This article touches one side of which is less given attention by academic experts about the teaching TEYL in Indonesia and this article able to give effect to the awareness of parents in understanding the dynamics of multilingualism language teaching foreign language in Indonesia.

Although the assessment is based on the experience of living in America when the author taking philosophy of doctoral but author have strong experience and an explanation of the TEYL and concern of parents of children's language development is important for parents to help procurement of more than one language and two or called multilingualism. Thus, research related to TEYL is something high need to help parents to child language development is also government policy in making decisions so TEYL in Indonesia could be better and can be like the country have been apply TEYL in successful like in Korean and Japan.

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